XLVIII

ZVENIGOROD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION


(Zvenigorod, Russia, March, 2021)

Section "Magnetic confinement of high-temperature plasma"
Chairman - Meshcheryakov Alexey I.
  1. 1Dnestrovskij Yu.N., 1Danilov A.V., 1Dnestrovskij A.Yu., 1Lysenko S.E., 1Melnikov A.V., 1Nemets A.R., 1Nurgaliev M.R., 1Subbotin G.F., 1Solovev N.A., 2Sychugov D.Yu., 1Cherkasov S.V. (1National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia, 2M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia)
    Transport models of plasma heating at the second electron-cyclotron harmonic in tokamaks and stellarators.

  2. 1Drabinskiy M.A., 1Khabanov Ph.O., 1Melnikov A.V., 1Eliseev L.G., 2Kharchev N.K. (1National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia, 2A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia)
    Evolution of the radial characteristics of the GAM and quasicoherent mode in discharghes with ohmic and ECR-heating in the T-10 tokamak plasmas.

  3. 2Dremin M.M., 1Novokhadskaya E.O., 1Kapralov V.G., 1Bogdanov A.M., 1Krivosheev A.N., 2Krylov S.V., 1Solovyev K.V., 2Trubnikov A.S. (1Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia, 2National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia)
    Massive gas injection into T-10 and T-15MD tokamaks.

  4. 1Krupin V.A., 1,3Kudashev I.S., 1Nurgaliev M.R., 1,4Zemtsov I.A., 1Nemets A.R., 1Dnestrovskiy A.Yu., 1Sarychev D.V., 1Solovev N.A., 1Ryzhakov D.V., 1Sergeev D.S., 1Myalton T.B., 1Tugarinov S.N., 2Naumenko N.N. (1National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia, 2Stepanov Institute of Physics NASB, Minsk, Belarus, 3National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia, 4Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia)
    Study of the impurities and main gas nuclei transport in modes with electron cyclotron resonance heating on the T-10 tokamak.

  5. 1,2Krokhalev O.D., 1,2,3Melnikov A.V. (1National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia, 2Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow Reg., Russia, 3National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia)
    Interaction of GAM and broadband turbulence in plasma of T-10 tokamak.

  6. 1,2Sergeev N.S., 1,2Melnikov A.V., 1Grashin S.A., 1Shelukhin D.A. (1National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia, 2National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia)
    Properties of long range correlations of density and electric potential flutuations of T-10 tokamak plasma.

  7. Arsenin V.V. (National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia)
    On large-scale MHD movements in a plasma column due to a localized drift instability.

  8. Stepin A.V., Balashov A.Y., Belov A.M., Igonkina G.B., Semenov P.S., Sokolov M.M., Sushkov A.V., Khayrutdinov E.N. (National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia)
    Methods and results of absolute calibration of magnetic probes of tokamak T-15MD.

  9. Barkalov K.E., Anashkin I.O., Barkalov E.E., Gribov A.A., Korolev V.F., Nikulin V.A., Panasenkov A.A., Petrov V.S. (National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia)
    Injection system for heating plasma tokamak T15-MD.

  10. 1Gorbun M.S., 1Melnikov A.V., 2Sychugov D.Yu. (1National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia, 2M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia)
    Simulation of magnetic configurations with negative triangularity for the T-15MD tokamak.

  11. 1,2,3Savrukhin P.V., 1,2Shestakov E.A., 1Khramenkov A.V., 3Lisovoi P., 3Prokhorov I. (1National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia, 2Institution "Project Center ITER", Moscow, Russia, 3National Research University "Moscow Power Engineering Institute", Moscow, Russia)
    Hard X-ray diagnostics in the T-15MD tokamak.

  12. 1Pimenov I.S., 1Borschegovskiy A.A., 1Roy I.N., 1Neudatchin S.V., 2Popov L.G., 2Agapova M.V., 2Belnova L.M. (1National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia, 2The Closed Joint-Stock Company "Scientific Production Enterprise 'GYCOM'" (GYCOM Ltd.), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia)
    The first stage of development of the gyrotron set-up and launcher system for ECRH at the T-15MD tokamak.

  13. 1Khabanov Ph.O., 1Melnikov A.V., 1Eliseev L.G., 1Drabinskii M.A., 1,2Kharchev N.K., 3Minaev V.B. (1National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia, 2A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 3Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute RAS, S.-Petersburg, Russia)
    Heavy ion beam probe diagnostics for tokamaks T-15MD and GLODUS-M2.

  14. 2Vadimov N.A., 1Drabinskiy M.A., 2,3Melnikov A.V., 2Sarancha G.A. (1National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia, 2Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow Reg., Russia, 3National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia)
    High-voltage test bench for heavy ion beam probe diagnostics of T-15MD tokamak.

  15. Subbotin G.F., Shelukhin D.A., Vershkov V.A. (National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia)
    Opportunities for reflectometry on the T15-MD tokamak.

  16. 1,2Khristo M.S., 1,2Beklemishev A.D. (1Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, 2Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia)
    Hybrid model of diamagnetic bubble equilibrium in open trap.

  17. 1Sudnikov A.V., 1Beklemishev A.D., 1Ivanov I.A., 1Inzhevatkina A.A., 2Larichkin M.V., 2Lomov K.A., 1Postupaev V.V., 1Sklyarov V.F., 2Ustyuzhanin V.O. (1Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, 2Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia)
    Studies of the helical mirror confinement in SMOLA linear machine.

  18. 1,2Bagryansky P.A., 1,2Lizunov A.A., 1,2Maximov V.V., 1,2Meister A.K., 1Savkin V.Ya., 1Skovorodin D.I., 1,2Soldatkina E.I., 1,2Solomakhin A.L., 1,2Fedorenkov E.A., 1Yakovlev D.V. (1Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, 2Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia)
    Mechanisms of plasma axial confinement in gas dynamic trap.

  19. 1Akhmetov T.D., 1Bagryansky P.A., 1,3Zubarev P.V., 1Ivanenko S.V., 1,2Ivanov A.A., 1Kvashnin A.N., 1Korobeynikova O.A., 1,2Lizunov A.A., 1Moiseev D.V., 1,2Murakhtin S.V., 1Puryga E.A., 1,2Soldatkina E.I., 1Chernoshtanov I.S. (1Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, 2Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia, 3Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russia)
    Cat device. Nearest plans.

  20. 1Inzhevatkina A.A., 1Sudnikov A.V., 1Ivanov I.A., 1Burdakov A.V., 1Postupaev V.V., 2Ustyuzhanin V.O., 2Lomov K.A. (1Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, 2Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia)
    The dependence of the rotation velocity on plasma parameters in the helical mirror open trap SMOLA.

  21. 1,2Ustyuzhanin V.O., 2Ivanov I.A., 2SudnikovA.V., 2Inzhevatkina A.A., 1Lomov K.A. (1Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia, 2Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia)
    Plasma formation in open magnetic trap SMOLA with helicoidal field.

  22. Pinzhenin E.I. (Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia)
    X-ray emission in experiments with additional heating at the GDT facility.

  23. Brul A.V., Amirov V.Kh., Deichuli P.P., Davydenko V.I., Ivanov A.A., Kapitonov V.A., Sorokin A.V., Stupishin N.V. (Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia)
    The influence of the geometry of the emission hole and the structure of the accelerating cell on the formation of a powerful neutral beam for heating and stabilizing the plasma.

  24. 1Ananyev S.S., 1Dnestrovsky A.Yu., 1,2Kukushkin A.S. (1National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia, 2National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia)
    Integrated modeling of fuel flows in the plasma and in the injection and pumping systems for the DEMO-FNS fusion neutron source.

  25. Ivanov B.V., Ananiev S.S. (National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia)
    Russian tritium cycle technology readiness level analysis for the DEMO-FNS hybrid (fission-fusion) reactor.

  26. Bakhtin V.P., Eskov A.G., Zhitlukhin A.M., Kochnev D.M., Umrikhin N.M. (State Scientific Center Troitsk Institute for Innovative and Thermonuclear Investigations, Municipal district Troitsk, Moscow, Russia)
    The influence of a longitudinal magnetic field on the accelerating process of the pulse coaxial accelerator plasma.

  27. Klishchenko A.V., Ananyev S.S., Dlougach E.D. (National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia)
    Analysis of the DEMO-FNS magnetic field passive reduction and neutral beam injectors shielding methods.

  28. Ananyev S.S., Panasenkov A.A., Dlougach E.D., Kuteev B.V. (National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia)
    Analysis of the scheme and parameters of the neutral beam injector for the FNS-ST tokamak.

  29. Ananyev S.S., Demidov D.N., Suslin S.V. (National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia)
    Numerical simulation of hydrogen transport and accumulation in multilayer metal membranes under damaging neutron irradiation.

  30. Ivanov B.V., Ananiev S.S. (National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia)
    Calculation of tokamak exhaust composition, comparison with the experiment.

  31. Dlougach E.D., Kuteev B.V. (National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia)
    Neutral beam slowing-down and current drive with BTR model.

  32. 1,2Asmedyanov N.R., 1Kolesnikov E.Yu. (1Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, 2Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia)
    Source of a high pressure plasma jet for plasma injection in GDT.

  33. Deichuli P.P., Vakhrushev R.V., Ivanov A.A., Oreshonok V.V., Rashenko V.V., Kolmogorov V.V., Kolmogorov A.V., Stupishin N.V. (Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia)
    Modernization of the diagnostic neutral beam injector for tokamak ST-40.

  34. 1Deichuli P., 1Brul A., 1Davydenko V., 1Ivanov A., 2Osin D., 3Magee R. (1Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, 2Tokamak Energy Ltd., Abingdon, United Kingdom, 3Tri Alpha Energy, Inc., Foothill Ranch, Lake Forest, California, USA)
    Measurement of the ratio of isotopes and molecular fractions in a mixed hydrogen-deuterium neutral beam.

  35. 1,3Burdakov A.V., 1,2Ivanov I.A., 1Inzhevatkina A.A., 1,2Postupaev V.V., 1Rovenskikh A.F., 1,2Sklyarov V.F., 1,2Skovorodin D.I., 1,2Sudnikov A.V., 2Ustuzhanin V.O. (1Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, 2Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia, 3Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russia)
    MM-interferometry of plasma on the “SMOLA” facility.

  36. Skovorodin D.I. (Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia)
    Influence of neutral gas on potential of plasma in expander of open trap.

  37. Vorobyov G.M., Ganin S.A., Efimov N.E., Krat S.A., Kurnaev V.A., Prishvitsyn A.S. (National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia)
    The optimization of the vortex magnetic field system of the tokamak MEPHIST-0.

  38. Bulgadaryan D.G., Vinitskiy E.A., Vorobyov G.M., Efimov N.E., Krat S.A., Kurnaev V.A., Prishvitsyn A.S. (National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia)
    The optimization of the toroidal solenoid geometry of the tokamak MEPHIST-0.

  39. 1,2Goryainov V.Yu., 1Voronin A.V., 1Zabrodsky V.V., 1Kurskiev G.S. (1Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute RAS, S.-Petersburg, Russia, 2Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia)
    Filter spectrometer for measuring the electron component of plasma temperature in GOBUS-M2 tokamak.

  40. 1Zhiltsov N.S., 1Aleksandrov S.E., 1Bazhenov A.N., 1Varfolomeev V.I., 1Gusev V.K., 1Kiselev E.O., 1Koval A.N., 1Kurskiev G.S., 1Lukoyanova A.V., 1Minaev V.B., 1Mukhin E.E., 1Novokhatsky A.N., 1Patrov M.I., 1Petrov Yu.V., 1Sakharov N.V., 1Senichenkov V.A., 1,2Solovey V.A., 1Tkachenko E.E., 1Tolstyakov S.Yu., 2Chernakov P.V. (1Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute RAS, S.-Petersburg, Russia, 2"Spectral-Tech" JSC, St. Petersburg, Russia)
    Thomson scattering diagnostics reconstruction at the GLOBUS-M2 tokamak.

  41. Tkachenko E.E., Kurskiev G.S., Zhiltsov N.S., Voronin A.V., Goryainov V.Yu., Mukhin E.E., Tolstyakov S.Yu., Varfolomeev V.I., Gusev V.K., Minaev V.B., Novokhatsky A.N., Patrov M.I., Petrov Yu.V., Sakharov N.V., Kiselev E.O., Chernakov Al.P. (Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute RAS, S.-Petersburg, Russia)
    Application of machine learning for determining the electron temperature in tokamak GLOBUS-M2 according to diagnostics of Thomson scattering and soft X-Ray radiation.

  42. Skrekel O.M., Bakharev N.N., Gusev V.K., Zhiltsov N.S., Ilyasova M.V., Kiselev E.O., Kornev V.A., Kurskiev G.S., Melnik A.D., Minaev V.B., Miroshnikov I.V., Patrov M.I., Petrov Yu.V., Sakharov N.V., Telnova A.Yu., Tolstyakov S.Yu., Tukhmeneva E.A., Khilkevich E.M., Chernyshev F.V., Chugunov I.N., Shevelev A.E., Shchegolev P.B. (Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute RAS, S.-Petersburg, Russia)
    Simulation of a neutron emission from plasma of the GLOBUS-M2 spherical tokamak in the experiments with neutral injection.

  43. Tokarev V.A., Gusev V.K., Khromov N.A., Voronin A.V., Petrov Yu.V., Sakharov N.V., Novokhatsky A.N., Minaev V.B., Varfolomeev V.I., Balachenkov I.M., Telnova A.Yu., Shchegolev P.B., Bakharev N.N., Kurskiev G.S., Kiselev E.O., Patrov M.I., Tuhmeneva E.A., Tolstyakov S.Yu. (Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute RAS, S.-Petersburg, Russia)
    SOL width determination on GLOBUS-M2 tokamak with IR-camera.

  44. 1Tukhmeneva E.A., 1Bakharev N.N., 1Varfolomeev V.I., 1Gusev V.K., 1Zhiltsov N.S., 1Zabrodskii V.V., 1Kiselev E.O., 1Kurskiev G.S., 1Minaev V.B., 1Miroshnikov I.V., 1Petrov Yu.V., 1Sakharov N.V., 2Solovei V.A., 1Telnova A.Yu., 1Tolstyakov S.Yu., 1Shchegolev P.B. (1Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute RAS, S.-Petersburg, Russia, 2Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P.Konstantinov of NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Leningradskaya Reg. , Russia)
    Development of an optical diagnostic complex for inverstigation of plasmas of the GLOBUS-M2 tokamak.

  45. 1,2Balachenkov I.M., 2Bulanin V.V., 1Gusev V.K., 2Zhiltsov N.S., 1,2Kiselev E.O., 1Kurskiev G.S., 1Minaev V.B., 1Patrov M.I., 2Petrov A.V., 1Petrov Yu.V., 2Ponomarenko A.M., 1Sakharov N.V., 2Yashin A.Yu. (1Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute RAS, S.-Petersburg, Russia, 2Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia)
    The detection of high-frequency alfven oscillations in ohmic and LHCD discharges on GLOBUS-M2 tokamak.

  46. 1Kurskiev G.S., 1Solokha V.V., 2Yashin A. Yu. (1Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute RAS, S.-Petersburg, Russia, 2Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia)
    Two-fluid simulations of peeling-ballooning modes in GLOBUS-M2 tokamak.

  47. Meshcheryakov A.I., Grishina I.A., Vafin I.Yu. (A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia)
    Self-consistent profiles of electron component pressure in the ECRH regime at the L-2M stellarator.

  48. Meshcheryakov A.I., Grishina I.A., Vafin I.Yu. (A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia)
    Search for the “X-ray pit” in ohmic and ECR heating regimes at L-2M stellarator.

  49. 1,2Vasilkov D.G., 1Grebenshchikov S.E., 1Grishina I.A., 1Meshcheryakov A.I., 1,2Petrova M.N., 1Kharchev N.K. (1A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 2Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia)
    Spontaneous transport transitions at the maximum power of ECR heating in the L-2M stellarator plasma.

  50. 1Sarancha G.A., 3Svoboda V., 3,4Stöckel J., 2,4Melnikov A.V. (1National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia, 2Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow Reg., Russia, 3Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic, 4National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia)
    Comparison of hydrogen and helium discharge parameters in GOLEM small tokamak.

  51. 1Gorbunov A.V., 2Mukhin E.E., 2Kurskiev G.S., 2Tolstyakov S.Yu., 1Letunov A.Yu., 1Lisitsa V.S., 1Levashova M.G., 1Vukolov K.Yu. (1National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia, 2Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute RAS, S.-Petersburg, Russia)
    Laser-induced quenching diagnostics of hydrogen in tokamak plasma.

  52. Kapralov V.G., Krivosheev A.N., Bogdanov A.M., Novokhadskaya E.O., Solovyev K.V. (Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia)
    Modeling of transport processes using neural networks in real time.

  53. Kapralov V.G., Bogdanov A.M., Novokhadskaya E.O., Solovyev K.V., Krivosheev A.N. (Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia)
    Study of disruption predictions in tokamak plasma using convolutional neural networks.

  54. Kurskiev G.S. (Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute RAS, S.-Petersburg, Russia)
    Application of deep learning for data processing of Thomson scattering diagnostics.

  55. 1Yashin A.Yu., 1Bulanin V.V., 1Petrov A.V., 1Ponomarenko A.M., 2Gusev V.K., 2Kurskiev G.S., 2Minaev V.B., 2Patrov M.I., 2Petrov Yu.V., 2Sakharov N.V. (1Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia, 2Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute RAS, S.-Petersburg, Russia)
    Investigation of turbulence in the GLOBUS-M2 tokamak by doppler backscattering.

  56. Vasina Ya., Prishvitsyn A., Dzhurik A., Otroshchenko V., Lazarev V., Mirnov S. (State Scientific Center Troitsk Institute for Innovative and Thermonuclear Investigations, Municipal district Troitsk, Moscow, Russia)
    Investigation of lithium capture by a multilayer collector based on CPS at T-11M tokamak.

  57. Balashov A.Y., Belov A.M., Semenov P.S., Sushkov A.V., Stepin A.V. (National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia)
    MHD plasma activity measurement system version 2020 on the T-11M tokamak.

  58. Rodionov N.B., Ilyin K.I., Romannikov A.N., Dryagin S.Yu. (State Scientific Center Troitsk Institute for Innovative and Thermonuclear Investigations, Municipal district Troitsk, Moscow, Russia)
    Building of infrastructure for promising tokamaks with reactor technologies on the basis of JSC "SSC RF TRINITY".

  59. Gladush G.G., Rodionov N.B., Artemyev K.K., Vinogradova A.V., Rodionov D.S. (State Scientific Center Troitsk Institute for Innovative and Thermonuclear Investigations, Municipal district Troitsk, Moscow, Russia)
    Simulations of the blanket setup for the fission–fusion reactor based on the tokamak.

  60. 1,2Budaev V.P., 1Dedov A.V., 1Fedorovich S.D., 1Karpov A.V., 1,2Martynenko Yu.V., 1Gubkin M.K., 1Lukashevsky M.V., 1Komov A.T., 1Zakharenkov A.V., 1Varava A.N., 1Lubenchenko A.V., 1Sliva A.P., 1Marchenkov A.Yu., 1Vasilyev G.B., 1Tran Quang V., 1Rogozin K.A., 1Konkov A.A., 1Zhuravlev K.V., 1Steling V.S., 1Tupotilov I.A. (1National Research University "Moscow Power Engineering Institute", Moscow, Russia, 2National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia)
    Tests of cooled models of tungsten modules of the heat-shielding lining of the divertor by combined irradiation with high-power electron beams and stationary plasma flows.

  61. Borschegovskiy A.A. (National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia)
    Electron distribution function in the central region of plasma in the presence of an external source (OH, ECRH) (according to results of experiments at the T-10 tokamak).




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